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肯尼亚2019年最昂贵的移动贷款!|出海非洲现金贷岛群第21期

2020-02-02 20:17:54

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在银行家游说团体的排名中,通过Safaricom联营公司以信贷方式购买电力是最昂贵的数字移动贷款,这也显示了通过手机提供的其他“软”贷款收取的过高的每月利息。

 

肯尼亚银行家协会(KBA)的研究显示,名为“ Okoa Stima”的基于移动的电力贷款每月吸引43.4%的利息,使其成为最昂贵的贷款,而股票银行的Equitel则以2.1%的价格成为成本最低的贷款每月。

 

其他成本高昂的数字贷方是Pesa na Pesa,其收取的利息类似于Okoa Stima,Kopa Chapa(38.8%),Pesa Pata(30.4%)和Kopa Cash(15.3%)。这些每月利率远高于高宝(KBA)设定的1.1%的受管制银行信贷平均成本。

 

 

 

随着2016年利率上限之后,对快速贷款的需求增加以及对个人和小型企业的商业银行贷款冻结,对数字贷款的需求已导致数十家不受监管的小贷方入侵肯尼亚的信贷市场。

 

由于没有或几乎没有信贷渠道,许多肯尼亚人现在发现他们可以在几分钟内通过手机获得贷款。

 

数字贷方

但是,随着银行监管机构争相跟进,数字贷方向银行和非银行机构提供信贷的激增已经使高利率的借款人倍受困扰。

 

高宝在研究中说:“与无抵押数字贷款相关的风险使放贷人必须通过收取相对于传统贷款产品而言相对较高的费用和利率来降低风险敞口。”

 

当前数字放贷人的法律制度不在中央银行的直接职权范围之内,它允许银行和其他提供者摆脱政府对国家基准利率高出四点的利率上限,目前该基准利率为9百分比和最高信用费用为13%。

 

市场领导者M-Shwari是Safaricom和非洲商业银行在2012年推出的肯尼亚首个储蓄和贷款产品,无论其期限如何,信用卡均收取7.5%的“便利费”。

 

对于期限为一个月的贷款,这相当于91%的年化利率。但是,按年率计算,Okoa Stima产品将电贷款成本推高了521%。

 

在Okoa Stima的设施下,用电者可获得100科威特第纳尔(1美元)至2000科威特第纳尔(20美元)的信用额度,以结清电费,并按借款金额的10%预先支付固定费用。

 

违约者将被收取预付款10%的罚款。贷款应在一周内偿还。

 

直接所有权

法院文件显示,Safaricom通过其中间商Lexco One Limited提供了Okoa Stima服务,该公司是从Kenya Power购买的电力代币的供应商。

 

周四,Safaricom和Kenya Power都放弃了对该产品的直接所有权。

 

使产品成本上升的原因是较短的还款期,最优先的任期为一周。

 

最短的还款期是一周。

 

Tala和Branch是移动数字借贷市场上的其他领先企业,它们为一个月以上的借款提供的利率分别为12.7%和7.6%。塔拉贷款相当于一年的153%。

 

高宝(KBA)的研究触及了争论的核心,即数字货币是否可以通过帮助陷入困境的个人获取金钱来提高生产力,还是数字货币陷阱。

 

“高额费用和数字信贷利率会随着时间的流逝减少家庭收入,特别是如果借款人出于非生产目的而借贷,因此,由数字贷款融资的投资回报可能不足以偿还到期的贷款义务。 ”,该研究表明。

 

根据FinAccess的一项调查,大约37%的流动贷款注入了企业,其中32%至37%用于家庭的日常需求,而18%至23%用于教育。

 

购买通话时间的份额在13%至17%之间,用于紧急医疗的份额为7%,用于购买家庭用品的份额为10%。

违约率

 

高宝(KBA)表示,如果将未偿还的信贷与预付贷款进行比较,那么数字贷方的违约率是传统贷款的两倍以上。

 

为了避免违约,借款人从一家数字公司借用贷款,以偿还与竞争对手的数字贷方结欠的债务,这些债务最终导致在肯尼亚信贷参考局(CRB)上排名负面。

 

咨询公司Microsave的一项研究显示,在过去三年中,约4,500万人口中有270万人被CRBS列入负面清单,该研究为贷款人提供可持续金融服务方面的咨询服务。

 

大多数违约者借入的贷款低于1,000科威特第纳尔(10美元)。



Kenya’s most expensive mobile loans in 2019

Buying electricity on credit through a Safaricom associate is the most expensive digital mobile lending in ranking by the bankers lobby group, which also that reveals the exorbitant monthly interest charged on other “soft” loans given through mobile phones.

 

The Kenya Bankers Association (KBA) study shows that the mobile-based electricity loan, known as Okoa Stima, attracts a monthly interest of 43.4 per cent, making it the most expensive, while Equity Bank’s Equitel was ranked the least costly at 2.1 per cent per month.

 

Other costly digital lenders are Pesa na Pesa, which charges interest similar to Okoa Stima, Kopa Chapa (38.8 per cent), Pesa Pata (30.4 per cent) and Kopa Cash (15.3 percent). These monthly interest rates are way above the average cost of regulated banking credit that KBA puts at 1.1 per cent.

 

 

 

The appetite for digital loans has led tens of unregulated microlenders to invade Kenya’s credit market in response to a rise in demand for quick loans and the freeze in commercial bank lending to individuals and small business that followed the 2016 capping of interest rates.

 

From having had little or no access to credit, many Kenyans now find they can get loans in minutes through their cell phones.

 

Digital lenders

However, it is emerging that the proliferation of the digital lenders extending credit to the banked and unbanked alike has saddling borrowers with high interest rates as the banking regulator races to keep up.

 

“The risks associated with unsecured digital lending necessitate lenders to reduce their risk exposure by charging fees and interest rates that are relatively high as compared to conventional loan products,” KBA says in the study.

 

The current legal regime of the digital lenders, which is outside the direct remit of the central bank, allows providers, both banks and others, to escape the government cap on interest of four points above the state benchmark interest rate, which now stands at 9 percent and caps credit cost at 13 per cent.

 

Market leader M-Shwari, Kenya’s first savings and loans product introduced by Safaricom and Commercial Bank of Africa in 2012, charges a “facilitation fee” of 7.5 per cent on credit regardless of its duration.

 

On a loan with a month’s term, this equates to an annualised interest rate of 91 per cent. But the Okoa Stima product when annualised pushes the cost of the electricity loan to an eye popping 521 percent.

 

Under Okoa Stima facility, electricity consumers get credit of between Ksh100 ($1) and Ksh2,000 ($20)to settle power bills, which is repaid at an upfront flat charge of 10 per cent of the borrowed amount.

 

Defaulters are charged a penalty of 10 per cent on the advance. The loan should be repaid within a week.

 

Direct ownership

Court documents show that the Okoa Stima service is offered by Safaricom through its intermediary, Lexco One Limited, which is the vendor of the electricity tokens bought from Kenya Power.

 

On Thursday, both Safaricom and Kenya Power distanced themselves from direct ownership of the product.

 

What makes the product costs is shorter loan repayment period with most preferred tenure being one week.

 

The shortest loan repayment period is one week.

 

Tala and Branch, other top players in the mobile digital lending market, offer interest rates of 12.7 per cent and 7.6 per cent respectively for loan borrowed over one month. The Tala loan equates to 153 per cent over a year.

 

The KBA study hits at the heart of an argument on whether digital money is productive through helping distressed individuals access money or it is a debt trap.

 

“The high fees and the interest rate on digital credit can reduce household income over time, particularly if borrowers are taking loans for non-productive purposes and thus the returns on investments financed by digital loans may be insufficient to cover loan obligations when they fall due,” the study reads.

 

About 37 percent of the mobile loans are injected into business, according a to a survey FinAccess, between 32 per cent and 37 per cent goes to day-to-day needs in homes while 18 per cent to 23 per cent goes to education.

 

A share of between 13 per cent and 17 per cent is used for airtime purchase, seven percent for medical emergencies and 10 per cent for purchase of household goods.

Default rates

 

KBA says default rates of digital lenders is more than double that of conventional loans when the unpaid credit is measure against the loans advanced.

 

To avoid defaults, borrowers tap loans from a numbers firms to settle loans owed to rival digital lenders mounting their debt that ultimately lead to being negatively listed on Kenya’s Credit Reference Bureaus (CRBs).

 

In the last three years, 2.7 million people out of a population of around 45 million have been negatively listed with CRBS, according to a study by Microsave, a consultancy which advises lenders on sustainable financial services.

 

The majority of defaulters borrowed loans below Ksh1,000 ($10).



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