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美国心理学家对暴力视频游戏的看法 |出海美国游戏岛群第104期

2020-01-24 00:36:51

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如今,有65%的美国成年人和几乎所有青少年都在玩电子游戏。 他们看起来比以往更真实,并经常表现出详细的暴力行为。

 

从早期开始,视频游戏就隐含了一个假设,即它们可能会对我们造成不利影响。 超过四分之三的父母认为,包括视频游戏在内的媒体暴力正在助长美国的暴力文化。

 

             

 

但是,我们实际上知道暴力游戏如何影响我们?尽管心理学家一直在研究这个问题数十年,并且大多数人都得出结论,游戏中的暴力与侵略之间存在联系,但目前的研究界包括一小撮但坚决反对的人。

 

辩论的赌注很高。

 

Newzoo表示,预计全球视频游戏产业将在2019年拉动1521亿美元的收入,到2022年市场将以每年9%的速度增长至1,960亿美元。研究公司Pelham Smithers Associates显示,市场规模从1976年的250亿美元激增至2018年的1,360亿美元。

 

游戏中的暴力行为不是新现象。

 

1976年,游戏公司Exity发布了一个名为“ Death Race”的游戏。在游戏中,您将手放在实际的方向盘上,脚踩在踏板上,然后四处行驶,以任何方式谋杀他人。您会听到受害者的尖叫声和他们的墓碑在屏幕上散落。

 

死亡竞赛街机游戏

 

那是《吃豆人》发行前的四年。它的图形是原始的,几乎无法识别。尽管如此,该游戏还是引发了关于视频游戏中暴力行为的第一个普遍恐慌。

 

当今游戏几乎逼真的质量极大地加剧了这些担忧。诸如“使命召唤”,“反恐精英”和“ PlayerUnknown的战场”(PUBG)之类的暴力游戏非常成功。据报道,Fortnite的发行商Epic Games在2018年实现了30亿美元的利润。

 

心理学家和广大公众可能以非常不同的方式谈论这个问题,但这种担忧在政界人士,父母和媒体中普遍存在。

 

街机游戏暴力

 

八月份,当特朗普总统将暴力游戏牵连到大规模枪击事件中时,主要视频游戏公司的股价急剧下跌。



美国游戏主题活动分享报名

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Psychologists see violent video games differently than the rest of us

 

Today, 65% of American adults and nearly all teenagers play video games. They look more real than ever and often show detailed violence.

 

Since their early days, video games have come with an implicit assumption that they’re probably doing something bad to us. More than three-quarters of parents believe media violence, including video games, is contributing to America’s culture of violence.

 

But what do we actually know about how violent games affect us? While psychologists have been studying this issue for decades, and most have concluded there’s a connection between violence in games and aggression, the current research community includes a small but vocal group convinced otherwise.

 

The stakes of the debate are high.

 

The video game industry globally is expected to pull in $152.1 billion in 2019, with the market growing 9% a year to $196 billion by 2022, according to Newzoo. Research firm Pelham Smithers Associates shows that the market exploded from $25 billion in 1976 to $136 billion in 2018.

 

Violence in games is not a new phenomenon.

 

In 1976, game company Exity released a title called “Death Race.” To play, you put your hands on an actual steering wheel, your foot on a pedal, and you drive around, murdering anything in your way. You hear the screams of your victims and their gravestones litter the screen.

 

death race arcade game

Death Race (1976)

CNBC | Adam Isaak

That was four years before the release of Pac-Man. Its graphics are primitive and barely recognizable. Nonetheless, the game resulted in what was perhaps the first widespread panic about violence in video games.

 

The almost true-to-life quality of today’s games has dramatically heightened those concerns. Violent games like “Call of Duty,” “Counter-Strike” and “PlayerUnknown’s Battlegrounds” (PUBG) are hugely successful. Epic Games, the publishers of Fortnite, made a reported $3 billion in profit in 2018.

 

Psychologists and the broader public may be talking about the issue in very different ways, but the concern is widespread among politicians, parents and the media.

 

arcade game violence

CNBC | Adam Isaak

In August, when President Trump implicated violent games in mass shootings, shares of major video game companies fell sharply.

 

The question remains: Are violent games actually doing something bad to us? And if so, why are some researchers convinced otherwise? Watch the video to find out more.

 

 


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